Dislipidemia en pacientes menores de 50 años internados en un hospital de referencia del Paraguay

Abstract

Introduction: Dyslipidemias are consequences of genetic or lifestyle factors that cause cardiovascular disease and are more common due to urbanization, obesity, and inadequate treatment. Objective: To determine the sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of patients under 50 years of age with dyslipidemia hospitalized in a referral hospital in Paraguay during the period 2023-2025. Materials and Methods: An observational, descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study with an analytical component was conducted in adult patients under 50 years of age, of both sexes, admitted to the Department of Internal Medicine of the National Hospital of Itauguá during the period 2023–2025, based on patient medical records. Jamovi 1.6 was used for data processing. Results: A total of 202 patients with dyslipidemia were included. The mean age was 37 ± 9.28 years, with a predominance of males (58.4%) and urban residence (57.4%). The most common comorbidities were hypertension (44.1%), diabetes mellitus (23.8%), and obesity (23.3%). Decreased HDL cholesterol was observed in 73.8% of the patients, elevated triglycerides (59.7%), and elevated LDL cholesterol (50%). The mean triglyceride level was 227 ± 351 mg/dL. Pancreatitis due to hypertriglyceridemia occurred in 14.6%. Infections were the cause of hospitalization in 37.1%. Patients with hypertension, diabetes, and obesity more frequently presented with mixed dyslipidemia. Conclusion: Male predominance was found. Hypertension was present in almost half of the patients. The most common dyslipidemia was decreased HDL cholesterol. One-third of patients were hospitalized for infectious causes. Mixed dyslipidemia was more common in patients with hypertension, diabetes, and obesity.