Water quality analysis in the Mby’a Guaraní indigenous community of Tarumandymi, Luque, Paraguay

Abstract

Introduction: Access to safe water remains a structural challenge in Indigenous communities across Latin America, where the lack of infrastructure and limited sanitary oversight constrain the guarantee of this basic right. Objective: To assess the microbiological and physicochemical quality of water used for human consumption in the Mby’a Guaraní community of Tarumandymi (Luque, Paraguay), and to implement a corrective intervention through an optimized chlorination system, evaluating its impact. Materials and Methods: A mixed-methods design of an applied nature was used, beginning with a diagnostic phase based on laboratory analysis following ISO, AFNOR, and INTN standards, followed by a corrective intervention focused on improving disinfection through controlled dosing of sodium hypochlorite. Two water samples were collected: one before and one after implementation. Results: Initial results revealed levels of Escherichia coli and fecal coliforms above acceptable thresholds, as well as insufficient free residual chlorine (0.11 mg/L). Following the intervention, total elimination of fecal bacteria was observed, and free chlorine levels reached the normative range (0.45 mg/L), confirming the effectiveness of the strategy. Conclusion: The study not only identified the existing sanitary risks but also demonstrated that simple, context-adapted treatment strategies can yield immediate improvements in water quality. The potential for replicating this approach in other rural communities under similar conditions is highlighted.