Epidemiology of heart failure in Brazil

Trends, regional disparities, and determinants of hospital mortality (2013–2023)

Abstract

Introduction: Heart failure (HF) remains a major public health concern in Brazil, leading to high hospitalization and mortality rates. Objective: To analyze hospitalizations and deaths due to heart failure in Brazil from 2013 to 2023, based on demographic, geographic, and racial variables, as well as temporal trends. Materials and Methods: This was an epidemiological, descriptive, and analytical study based on secondary data extracted from the Hospital Information System of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SIH/SUS). Data were collected on December 5, 2024, covering the period from 2013 to 2023. Documentary data collection was carried out using the DataSUS platform, which contains anonymized hospital records. Two levels of statistical analysis were performed: descriptive (absolute and relative frequencies, hospital mortality rates) and comparative (chi-square test and analysis of variance – ANOVA). Data were processed using Python, R, and Excel 2019. Results: A higher number of hospitalizations was observed among men aged 40 to 69, while women surpassed men in hospitalizations from age 70 onward. The Southeast region showed the highest number of hospitalizations and deaths. Regional and racial disparities were noted, with higher hospital mortality rates in the Northeast. Conclusion: HF continues to be a relevant cause of hospital admissions and deaths in Brazil. Strengthening public health policies is essential to reduce inequities and ensure timely access to care in the most vulnerable regions.