A multidisciplinary approach to anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder in adolescents

Abstract

Introduction: Eating disorders (EDs) are a significant health concern during adolescence because of their physical, psychological, and social consequences and the potential development of medical and psychiatric complications. Objectives: This review aimed to synthesize the available evidence on the main EDs affecting adolescents, with an emphasis on anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder, considering their clinical characteristics, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Materials and Methods: A narrative literature review was conducted through searches in PubMed and Google Scholar, supplemented by documents from scientific and institutional organizations. Sources were selected according to their thematic relevance, the population studied, the currency of the information, and their usefulness in addressing the review objectives. Results: The reviewed evidence indicates that EDs have a multifactorial origin involving the interaction of biological, psychological, familial, social, and cultural factors. Their management requires a multidisciplinary and individualized approach, with particular emphasis on nutritional rehabilitation and psychotherapeutic and family-based interventions. Evidence regarding pharmacological treatment is more limited and, for certain disorders, derives primarily from adult populations; therefore, its extrapolation to adolescents should be approached with caution. Prevention and early detection are important components of comprehensive management, particularly through interventions that promote a healthy relationship with food and body image, reduce stigma, and facilitate timely access to healthcare services.