Descriptive analysis of perceived quality of life based on selected items from the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire in older adults from Asunción, Paraguay

Abstract

Introduction: The demographic transition population ageing poses increasing challenges for healthcare systems, particularly regarding the quality of life of institutionalized older adults. The World Health Organization WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire enables assessment of subjective quality of life across multiple dimensions. Objective: To conduct a descriptive analysis of the perception of quality of life in older adults living in a geriatric institution in Asunción, Paraguay, based on selected WHOQOL-BREF items. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in June 2024 in a geriatric institution. Twenty-eight adults aged 60 years and older were included through non-probabilistic convenience sampling. Face-to-face interviews were conducted using selected WHOQOL-BREF items. Data were analyzed descriptively using frequencies and percentages. Results: Of the participants, 57% were female. A globally positive perception of quality of life was observed, with 57% rating at the highest level. High satisfaction was reported regarding sleep (43%), physical environment (68% at level 4), and access to healthcare services (86% at levels 4–5). However, 41% indicated that physical pain significantly limited daily activities, and 32% reported frequent negative feelings. Conclusion: Despite a favorable perception of the institutional environment, physical pain and emotional aspects emerged as relevant limiting factors. The descriptive use of selected items allowed the identification of critical dimensions of perceived quality of life, providing useful evidence for targeted interventions in geriatric institutions.