The prophylactic use of antibiotics in surgical patients

Abstract

Introduction: The prophylactic use of antibiotics before surgery is crucial to reduce the incidence of Surgical Site Infection (SSI), a significant concern in Brazil, where it affects 11% of surgical procedures. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the use of prophylactic antibiotics in surgical patients at Madre de Dios Hospital during June and July 2023. Materials and Methods: Sixty-seven patient records undergoing elective surgical procedures were examined. Results: The administration of prophylactic antibiotics was widespread, with cefazolin as the drug of choice. The study was based on established principles of antibiotic prophylaxis, prioritizing patient safety and an appropriate spectrum of action. Most surgical site infections were caused by Gram-positive cocci, supporting the use of first-generation cephalosporins. The results indicated high adherence to antibiotic prophylaxis protocols, reflecting appropriate management. These findings align with World Health Organization guidelines for safe surgery, which have demonstrated a decrease in surgery-related complications and deaths. Conclusion: The study underscores the importance of rational antibiotic use in preventing surgical site infections and the need to follow established protocols to ensure patient safety during surgical procedures.